I think you'll find that the people who do these things don't claim to know more than they do. If pundits take their research out of context, it's the pundits' fault.
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Agreed. But it's nearly impossible to predict which events will happen, and when. Even extended-time weather forecasts have limitations, using state-of-the art science and predictive computer models. That said, in-person voter turn-out is always lower during inclement weather, even simple rainy days. That's one good reason for early voting and absentee/mail-in voting -- to extend the voting time.
States that don't have early voting are more vulnerable to weather events, disasters, and/or power outages that happen right before, or ON, election days.
Virtually no one in poli sci tries to predict rare events; they try to figure out which factors make those events more likely. That knowledge could then be used to make necessary precautions. You're never going to be able to predict specific events because they happen for systematic (i.e. predictable) and idiosyncratic factors (particularly ones caused by free will).
We're saying basically the same thing, in different ways. Those "necessary precautions" (about voting) include voter registration efforts, expanding early voting, logistics/transportation (of groups, and during bad weather) for in-person voting, using social media, all sorts of things.
But it doesn't take a "political scientist" or polls/surveys to do those things. Just motivated and organized team work.