This one doesn't have a direct industrial application like the Obtanium example, but here's one more:

Professor half-funded by the US, half by Finland. Gives me (with the earlier-mentioned funding conditions) a sample generated by Australian-public funded research, to be studied by myself and a team located in Australia, funded by (for all I know) private and public funds of US, UK and Australia, and I think Japan. Who benefits from this research? Should any nationality here be compensated by another? It's both Finnish and US tax payer giving glory to Australia, on the face of it!