Marketing
This section requires expansion.
See also: Nestle Boycott
Marketing of infant formula and the regulation thereof varies between countries.
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes is a statement of principles regarding infant formula marketing, including strict restrictions on advertising. Its implementation depends on the laws of different countries and the behavior of infant formula manufacturers – the code has no power itself. Legislation and corporate behavior vary significantly between countries: in some countries the code is implemented in law and followed by formula manufacturers, while in others it is not.
Practices that are banned in the code include most advertising, claiming health benefits for formula, and giving free samples to women able to breastfeed – this latter practice is particularly criticized because it can interfere with lactation, creating dependence on formula.
Free samples of infant formula have been provided to hospitals since the 1930s, which practice has been criticized continuously since then; further, infant formula is the only product routinely provided free of charge to hospitals.[74]
[edit]United States
In the United States, infant formula is heavily marketed – both in advertising to mothers and doctors and via free samples – in violation of the principles in the code, which has not been adopted or implemented by manufacturers in the US for US marketing.
In surveys, over 70% of large hospitals dispense infant formula to all infants, which is opposed by the AAP and in violation of the code.[75]
The American Academy of Pediatrics opposes marketing of infant formula directly to the public.[75]
The Gerber Products Company began marketing Gerber Baby Formula directly to the public in October 1989, while the Carnation Company began marketing Good Start infant formula directly to the public in January 1991.[75]
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, infant formula advertising has been illegal since 1995,[76] but advertising for follow-on formula is legal, which has been cited as a loophole allowing advertising of similarly-packaged formula, and is confusing to mothers.[38]